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Music Therapy — History & Philosophy</p>
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<p>When you hum a song, respond to a rhythm by dancing or tapping your foot, exercise to upbeat tunes, or relax with “New Age” tapes, you are practicing a form of music therapy, just like our ancestors tens of thousands of years ago. Although there was no concept of therapy then, people just realized that drums, rattles, primitive flutes and song allowed them a means of personal expression, brought the community together for ceremony, and evoked the presence of the gods.</p>
<p>According to Jonathan Goldman, author of Healing Sounds, “the use of sound and music is the most ancient healing modality.” Evidence points to the use of song and dance prior to speech, leading some to theorize that music was our first language. The anatomy of the ear supports this theory; about two-thirds of the inner ear’s cilia resonate only at musical frequencies.</p>
<p>Music played a part in ancient ceremonies and rituals and plays a key role in modern religions as well, as a vehicle of supplication, praise and celebration. Its ability to evoke a sense of transcendence to a higher consciousness can be seen in its use as a mantra for meditation, the reverberation of Tibetan singing bowls, and the chanting of Gregorian choirs. Throughout history, music has been seen as a force that inspires, enlightens and heals.</p>
<p>Today’s theories of Music Therapy owe much to the music of Mozart and the work of Alfred Tomatis, M.D. Tomatis, who was the first to discover that fetuses hear sound, devoted his career to the effects of music on the ear. His research showed that Mozart’s compositions have a calming and balancing effect, enabled personal expression, improved spatial perception and assisted in learning. The deep effects this composer’s music can have on us was documented by Don Campbell, a musician, researcher, healer and teacher, in his book, The Mozart Effect.</p>
<p>Mozart’s music has found a wealth of applications. Monasteries in Brittany play it to cows which then produce more milk. Naturalization programs in Washington report it aids in English as a Second Language programs. In Northern Japan, yeast indulged with a concert make better sake. But all music, not only Mozart’s, can have healing effects, and the best approach is a diverse one.</p>
<p>Music Therapy became a recognized profession in the U.S. in 1950 with the establishment of the National Association for Music Therapy and with the American Association for Music Therapy in 1971. These two merged in 1998 to become the American Music Therapy Association. All over the world, countries are putting music therapy to use — in India, certain ragas have been found to be beneficial in treating hypertension and mental illness. The Japanese have recommended Mendelshon, Dvorak and Gershwin compositions for migraines and other headaches. The Chinese record albums titled for the specific organs they will benefit. </p>
<p>In the U.S. music therapy can be a part of an interdisciplinary program that utilizes medical and mental health professionals, educators, physical therapists, social workers, and others. It is often used as an adjunct in holistic modalities like aromatherapy, meditation, biofeedback, and massage. Hospitals, nurseries, rehabilitation facilities, massage therapists, aerobics instructors, yoga classes, etc. are all playing music, helping people relax, restore, revitalize and regain a positive outlook on life. </p>
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<p class="timestamp">Content last modified on Mar 25, 2003</p>
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